Electrostatic Charge Generation in Liquid Systems
Electrostatic charge is generated in a number of ways whenever there is friction between two bodies moving relative to one another. Charge generation occurs in liquid systems on the molecular level at the interface of any two unlike materials, so a static charge will be generated in any moving fluid, with positive or negative charges moving from the fluid onto the bounding surface. The causes of electrostatic charging include the following examples:
Friction caused by fluid flowing in pipes High fluid velocities Fluids flowing in ungrounded pipes and hoses Passage of fluids through filter elements or other microporous structures Generated by turbulence in the liquids and by pumping elements, especially centrifugal pumps Fluid discharging on to the free surface of the reservoir When free air is present in the liquid, for example, in bearing and paper machine return lines Imparted into the liquid when component surfaces sliding is relative to one another Fluid acquires a charge when it flows through a pipe or microporous structure, and when this charge is carried downstream, it’s called a streaming current (Figure 1).
(http://media.noria.com/sites/archive_images/Backup_200511_tech-electro-fig1.jpg)
Figure 1. Streaming Current
In pipeline flow, the streaming current will be discharged back to the pipe walls, reservoir or component surfaces, and the discharge rate is controlled by the characteristics of the fluid and its additives. This charge relaxation is described by the equations below:
(http://media.noria.com/sites/archive_images/Backup_200511_tech-electro-fig1.gif)
where:
Qt = charge at time t
Qo = initial charge
t = charge relaxation time constant (representing 37 percent charge decay)
E = dielectric constant of liquid (approximately 2 for oils)
E0 = absolute dielectric constant of a vacuum (8.854 x 10 - 12 F/m)
K = fluid rest conductivity (pS/m)
If the component walls are conductive, then a charge will be induced on the walls, which is of opposite polarity to the fluid. If the exterior surface is grounded, the net charge will be zero. If not, the charge will accumulate to eventually discharge. This will generate an electrostatic discharge where the charge discharges to a surface at lower voltage. In doing so, it can generate a high-energy spark. If the discharge occurs in air, the results can be both spectacular and potentially harmful (Figure 2).
Electrostatic discharge usually manifests itself as a clicking sound as charge repeatedly increases and discharges to surfaces of lower voltage (usually earth or ground) through sparking. The clicking frequency depends on the charging rate. Clearly, if the discharge occurs in a flammable atmosphere the effect can be serious, but these instances are rare. A discharge within the system is usually short-lived and extinguished by the hydraulic fluid. This can result in etching of the discharged surface, perhaps removing microscopic particles and leaving carbon deposits on the surface. There is also evidence that localized discharge can result from lubricated surfaces, especially in geared and bearing systems with a high air content. This can contribute to pitting of surfaces.
Here's today's experiments on the extraction circuit. Will do more once I get sum super fine mesh SS screen.
http://youtu.be/AKfdX_XUz5g (http://youtu.be/AKfdX_XUz5g)
Hi Fi3,
I am fascinated by your video. Can you explain a bit more about yr setup?
As far as i understand it, you create steam, ad uv light and then you measure 15ac?
Are you also ionizing the fog first?
Wel done!
Steve
Hello all
The steam is a cold fog more then it is hot steam. The fog is generated by particle oscillation back and forth creating cavitation from particle collision of the water taking place. Which creates a negative pressure producing with extreme amount of focused heat energy in the jet area of fogger. And shearing electrons off the water molecule and making the water possess a negative charge. Next using the LEDS which are 3watts a piece 660nm and 435nm range with total of 4 LEDS 2 of each type. This adds heat energy which causes the molecule to flex and dislodged electrons are bounced off to keep from letting the electron fall back down to orbital ring. Natural air gases are charged using mesh in intake tubes to fog gen then charged again to intake of engine while on the way electrons are consumed in the form of physical energy neon light bulb. A capacitor is pair between a scr to switch it on and off as to allow electrons to align on electrode surface til charge cycle completes filling cap and dumping through the light bulb to remove fully from the water molecule to create a unstable for of water to be used as fuel.
Here's today's experiments on the extraction circuit. Will do more once I get sum super fine mesh SS screen.
http://youtu.be/AKfdX_XUz5g (http://youtu.be/AKfdX_XUz5g)
Hi Fi3,
I am fascinated by your video. Can you explain a bit more about yr setup?
As far as i understand it, you create steam, ad uv light and then you measure 15ac?
Are you also ionizing the fog first?
Wel done!
Steve
Hello allThe steam is a cold fog more then it is hot steam. The fog is generated by particle oscillation back and forth creating cavitation from particle collision of the water taking place. Which creates a negative pressure producing with extreme amount of focused heat energy in the jet area of fogger. And shearing electrons off the water molecule and making the water possess a negative charge. Next using the LEDS which are 3watts a piece 660nm and 435nm range with total of 4 LEDS 2 of each type. This adds heat energy which causes the molecule to flex and dislodged electrons are bounced off to keep from letting the electron fall back down to orbital ring. Natural air gases are charged using mesh in intake tubes to fog gen then charged again to intake of engine while on the way electrons are consumed in the form of physical energy neon light bulb. A capacitor is pair between a scr to switch it on and off as to allow electrons to align on electrode surface til charge cycle completes filling cap and dumping through the light bulb to remove fully from the water molecule to create a unstable for of water to be used as fuel.
very interesting:
"The signal to transfo is AC Amplitude Modulated sine wave but is half on primary side. and the secondary side is half wave rectified with a blocking diode.
So - to save time and expense - i have wondered what is the difference to using a lawton type square wave circuit to drive the ....vic/choke/cell compared to the meyers (8xa 9xa) drawing showing a signal derived from a fixed distributed mains supply fed circuit that, according to the meyers circuit and patent drawings appear to show a.............................sine wave.(or to be a little bit more precise...a rectified half of a sine wave...?
IS there any cell / vic/ choke response or performance or waveform or voltage or harmonic response that may vary if one relies upon a 120v 60hz? supply or a 230v 50hz main supply.......?
yes or no?
To develop a circuit that does not rely upon a distributed mains supply to drive an ac amplitude modulated wave that may be switched through a scr or fet or toroid or choke - is there a simple requirement to provide a stable frequency sine wave generator that is timed to switch on and off ?
OR does there exist a REQUIREMENT to drive a VIC / coil / toroid / choke with a square looking wave to obtain the results required - sine or square or doesnt matter? triangle wave will do also .?
News announcements and other topics > News | ULTRASONIC PIEZONUCLEAR REACTIONS | << (http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=8503.0;imode) < (http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=8503.20;imode) (6/7) > (http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=8503.30;imode) >> (http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=8503.30;imode) | mscoffman:
Quote from: sparks on January 01, 2010, 01:43:56 AM>>>> More bubble fusion. This is how dumb we are. We have hydrogen produced by the kiloton everyday and distributed at the northpole. But we are so selfconsumed with the quest for fusion we produce hydrogen expenditure of energy then we try to fuse it into helium. More expenditure of energy. You cant drink helium. Why wouldnt you just take the hydrogen you are trying to fuse and have it combine with oxygen in a fuel cell. Hit some water with infrared it gets less dense. It rises, overcoming gravity. Hit is with xrays and gammarays what does it do. Cant electrons and ionized cores be influenced to be classified in the presence of a magnetic field.
<<<<
You need to look at the energy balance...You fuse Hydrogen to Helium to get
at the Nuclear Binding energy...not because it's the only thing you can do with it.
The Sun does this quite nicely...so everything is cool. The Sun uses only one
ton per day of hydrogen.
:S:MarkSCoffman | sparks:
I just believe that Earth is a great infrared photon capture field. Every day water molecules capture untold numbers of infrared waves into its molecular vibrations. If we can design an infrared wave capture system and feed the system with ocean thermal energy we dont need to mess around with mass to energy conversion. Simply capture the energy condense it pass it through conduits and release it at a latter time. How dumb can we be. There are thousands of endothermic reactions that could take place in oceansubmerged heat exchangers. The reactions are totally reversible and become exothermic when and where we want them to be. The presence of catalyzing agents the trick.
Electricity is a catalyzing agent in the exothermic combination of carbon and oxygen. Magnesium is a catalyzing agent in the ultraviolet cracking of carbon dioxide an endothermic reaction. We need to study nature and forget about trying to outwit her. She has a very good head start on us. | tinu: |