[An intrinsic portion of the Stanley Meyer technology had inductors, chokes and coils as important components
if devices. The voltage intensifier circuits(
VIC)and the electrical particle generators (
EPG)
Many of Stanley Meyer's patents and publications provide diagrams provide the general description or have live
drawings that lack exact component values of the resistors, capacitors , coils and chokes. Fortunately the high resolution
photographs from the L3 storage unit and by Don Gabel, The Orion Project and others allow for many printed circuits
to be closely reconstructed. The following article is related to the photogrammetric analysis of coils and inductors.
The values of the capacitors and resistors is much more straightforward using programs that match color code bands on resistors
with values and OCR image data files input cross-matched with component files based on supplier catalog scans.
METHOD 1. Determine Length of bobbin, thickness or depth of winding,/the wire gauge and method of winding The diameter of the outermost EPG channel or loop can be estimated.at about 17 inches
Therefore the outer circumference can be estimated at 17 x Pi inches
By dividing the circumference by the observed number of coils an estimated length of each coil can be made.
A further
refinement in precision can be made by subtraction of the total
length L occupied by coil spacers.
So in the case where you count, let's say as way of example, 59 coils and 60 coil end spacers, each winding is
1/59th of the circumference of 53.4 inches or calculated at about 0.905 inches long.
Method 2.Because of the high resolution photographs available, estimates of a coil can be made directly.
Using a known measurement such as the outside diameter of tubing ie. 0.500 inches
in conjunction with a screen distance tool in Photoshop(r) or another program such as
Screen Caliper(r) the length of the coil can be made.
THICKNESSSince the outside diameter of the core channel is known, an estimate of the thickness of depth of winding
may be obtained by using photogrammetry to estimate the thickness of the winding.
The total thickness or
height of the wound coil is first measured. Then the core diameter is then subtracted.
the resulting figure is then divided by two. This is the height or thickness of the winding around the core
So now we have what is call a winding window with height H and length L.
H TIMES L = A the area of the winding window. Think of it a a cross-sectional view of
the coil windings with the ends of each wire being viewed.
Something like this:
IIOOOOOOOOOOOOII
IIOOOOOOOOOOOOII
IIOOOOOOOOOOOOII
representing 3 layers of wire with 12 wraps (the II symbolizing the coil dividers)
3 layers of wire by 12 wires wide or 36 turns or wraps of wire around a bobbin
IIooooooooooooooooooII
IIooooooooooooooooooII
HooooooooooooooooooII
In this exsmple, a thinner wire could be wound 18 times on the same length of bobbin.
NUMBER OF WINDSSince the gauge of the wire can be estimated with a good amount of precision
,the use of circle packing theory (see wiki) theory can be used to determine the
number of turns that can fit through this winding window( Area equals Height
times length.
One factor that helps, is that wires come in
standard thicknesses or diameters
For convenience the AWG (American Wire Gauge) is used in electrical
and electronic work, Electrical wiring in the U.S. is often 10,12 or 14AWG
Electronic work is often uses 18,22, or 30 AWG gauge wire
Whatever the reason the smaller the AWG number, the thicker or larger
the diameter of wire!!
The reason this helps in photogrammetry, is that the gauges are
discrete values
Look at this table:
AWG Diameter in inches AWG Diameter in Inches
10 .1019 20 .0320
12 .0808 22 .0253
14 .0641 24 .0201
16 .0508 26 .0159
18 .0403 28 .0126
30 .0101
The 16 gauge wire is about 25% thicker than 18 gauge
The 22 gauge wire is about 25% thicker than 24 gauge
Not to get too technical, but this is a logarithmic scale, but the important concept
is the
PERCENTAGE OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GAUGES IS LARGEin relation to the precision achievable in photogrammetry
This means for a given photogrammetric distance is it easier to pick out the exact
gauge of wire used because the precision of the that method is often less than 2 to 5%.
PACKING FRACTIONThere is a branch of mathematics which describes how many circles of uniform
size can be drawn in a given area. It goes by several names but let's just call it
Circle Packing Theory.
By determining the winding window size, the appropriate circle packing fraction can be used to
determine a close estimate of the number of windings per coil. In the previous example
cross-section of a coil, it represents one type of winding
One type of winding known as
square or precision winding has each layer of winding with
turns directly on top the wires in the layer beneath with no offset.
Another type is
hexagonal winding, with the layers arranged more like a honeycomb
And thirdly there is a
random type of winding with lots of crossover and gaps
The hexagonal packing is the closest or most densest method of winding coils
with a value of 0.906 or about 91% of the area occupied by wire with the
balance of the area being gaps between the wires
Square geometry winding with each winding of wire directly on top the
layer below( No offset) has a value of 0.785 It is not at close or dense
a winding as hexagonal winding.
A random wind often a more gaps but the packing ratio is highly dependent
on the
size of the wire relative the length and width of the winding window
Consider for a moment two equally sized sheets of sandpaper.
One is coated coarse grade grit, the other coated coated with a fine grit used for
final sanding. The arrangement of the sand grains is random in both
cases but there are fewer grain of sand on the coarse paper and
many more grains of sand on the finer grit paper.
This is analogous to the number of random winding or wraps of wire in a given
cross sectional area on a bobbin. Intuitively very small wire gauges have a
higher packing fraction than large. This is a difficult value to quantify
SO IN SOME CASES IT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF TURNS
IN SOME CASES EMPIRCAL METHODS OR TEST WINDINGS MIGHT BE NECESSARY
As an example if the winding window is 1 square inch and the AWG is 22, and the tighter
hexagonalwinding factor is used(0.906) then 0.906 square inches of that window is occupied by the area of the wire..
The cross-sectional area of AWG 22 is 0.0005 inches.
0.906/divided by 0.0005 =approx
1800 turns With
precision or square winding a factor of 0.78 can be used resulting in an estimate of
1560 turns through
a 1 inch square window
SUMMARYBasically the application of the above method may be used to estimate the number
of windings for an EPG coil by photogrammetric means
in some cases A search of empirical transformer design charts might be instructive for this third case
of
random winding. Empirical as well as advanced computer iteration calculations
are used
Method 3There are on line calculators also:
https://www.daycounter.com/Calculators/Coil-Physical-Properties-Calculator.phtmlMISCELLANEOUS COMMENT
POWER OUTPUT DEPENDS ON METHOD OF WIRING PICKUP COILSIt appears as though the mechanical drive epg was wired in parallel lower voltage and and a
higher amperage due to more coils
While the multitier EPG was higher voltage due to fewer coils and many windings which required of multiple tiers
It also could be that the effective value of the flux in the mag-gas systems was lower that the higher density ferro fluids
which might explain the need to operate at 90 ips velocity
